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Compartments of leg and innervations3/31/2023 ![]() The right upper extremity feeds the right lymphatic duct, and the left upper extremity empties into the thoracic duct. The extracellular fluid is cleared by the lymphatic system. The deoxygenated blood of the upper extremity drains via the cephalic, basilic, and brachial veins, which then flow into the subclavian vein and ultimately to the heart. The brachial artery supplies the arm and then divides to form the radial and ulnar arteries, which supply the forearm and hand. The axillary artery ends at the lower border of the teres major muscle, where it gives rise to the brachial artery. The axillary artery supplies the shoulder muscles via its six branches: the superior thoracic artery, the thoracoacromial arterial trunk, the lateral thoracic artery, the subscapular artery, and the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it passes over the lateral border of the first rib. The left subclavian artery arises as a direct branch from the arch of the aorta. The brachiocephalic arterial trunk is the first branch of the arch of the aorta. The subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic arterial trunk on the right side. The anatomical components of the upper extremity receive their vascular supply via the subclavian artery and its branches. ![]() *Memory trick PAD-DAB palmar interossei adduct and the dorsal interossei abduct the digits. The thenar and adductor compartment muscles act on the thumb, while the muscles of the hypothenar compartment act on the small finger. ![]() The dorsal interossei act to abduct the digits, and the palmar interossei act to adduct the digits*. These are the four dorsal interossei, three volar interossei, the thenar, the hypothenar, the adductor, and the mid-palm compartments, respectively. The hand is comprised of eleven separate compartments. ![]() The anterior muscles of the forearm act to flex the hand at the wrist joint, and the posterior muscles act to extend the hand at the wrist joint. The muscles that originate from the anterior compartment of the brachium act to flex the forearm, while the muscles that originate from the posterior compartment of the brachium extend the forearm. The shoulder muscles originate from the axial skeleton and the scapula and insert onto the humerus. ![]()
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